How does hemolysis impact laboratory test results?

Hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, which can release hemoglobin and other intracellular components into the surrounding fluid. This process can significantly impact laboratory test results, leading to inaccuracies in measurements. For instance, substances released during hemolysis, such as potassium, can cause falsely elevated levels in tests measuring serum electrolytes, or hemoglobin can interfere with spectrophotometric assays, potentially skewing results.

Additionally, hemolysis can affect the appearance of serum or plasma samples, altering the optical density and leading to erroneous interpretations. Tests that are particularly susceptible to the effects of hemolysis include electrolyte panels, liver function tests, and various enzyme assays. Therefore, recognizing the impact of hemolysis is essential for ensuring accurate laboratory diagnoses and patient management.